cirrhosis

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CIRRHOSIS

Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time your liver is injured — whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption, or another cause — it tries to repair itself. In the process, scar tissue forms. As cirrhosis progresses, more and more scar tissue forms, making it difficult for the liver to function (decompensated cirrhosis). Advanced cirrhosis is life-threatening.

Here are the four stages of liver disease.

  • Stage 1: The first sign of liver damage is inflammation
  • Stage 2: Fibrosis is the start of liver scarring
  • Stage 3: More severe scarring leads to cirrhosis
  • Stage 4: Liver failure

CAUSES

Some of the causes include

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Chronic alcohol abuse

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Chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B, C, and D)

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Iron buildup in the body (hemochromatosis)

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Cystic fibrosis

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Copper accumulated in the liver (Wilson’s disease)

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Poorly formed bile ducts (biliary atresia)

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

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Inherited disorders of sugar metabolism (galactosemia or glycogen storage disease)

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Genetic digestive disorder (Alagille syndrome)

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Liver disease caused by your body’s immune system (autoimmune hepatitis)

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Destruction of the bile ducts (primary biliary cirrhosis)

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Hardening and scarring of the bile ducts (primary sclerosing cholangitis)

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Infection, such as syphilis or brucellosis

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Medications, including methotrexate or isoniazid

SYMPTOMS

Gastritis doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms in everyone. The most common symptoms are :

 

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Fatigue

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Easily bleeding or bruising

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Loss of appetite

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Nausea

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Swelling in your legs, feet or ankles (edema)

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Weight loss

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Itchy skin

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Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice)

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Fluid accumulation in your abdomen (ascites)

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Spiderlike blood vessels on your skin

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Redness in the palms of the hands

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For men, loss of sex drive, breast enlargement (gynecomastia) or testicular atrophy

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Confusion, drowsiness and slurred speech

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