Cholangiocarcinoma is the most prevalent tumor of bile duct. Cholangiocarcinoma may affect the bile duct at different locations: liver hilum, intrahepatic biliary system, and lower CBD.

The most common type of cholangiocarcinoma is hilar type.

Risk factors

• Choledochal cyst
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Biliary-enteric drainage procedures
• Clonorchis sinensis
• Hepatolithiasis

Symptoms

• Jaundice
• Itching
• Weight loss
• Anorexia
• Fever and abdominal pain

Diagnosis

• USG/CT/MRCP demonstrates biliary system obstruction, and a mass around the CBD
• Biopsy options include FNA, ERCP-brushings, and spyglass

Treatment

• Surgery is indicated for tumor resection
• Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma undergoes treatment by chemo-radiotherapy and later liver transplantation
• ERCP and stenting is indicated for the management of advanced tumors for treating fever, jaundice and itching